Enhance Your Learning with OS Memory Management Flash Cards for quick learning
The process of managing and organizing the memory resources of an operating system to optimize the usage of available memory.
A memory management technique that allows the execution of processes that are larger than the physical memory by using disk space as an extension of RAM.
A memory management scheme that divides the physical memory into fixed-size blocks called pages and maps logical addresses to physical addresses using a page table.
A memory management scheme that divides the logical address space of a process into variable-sized segments and maps logical addresses to physical addresses using a segment table.
The process of assigning memory blocks to processes or parts of processes to fulfill their memory requirements.
The process of freeing memory blocks that are no longer needed by processes, making them available for allocation to other processes.
The phenomenon where free memory is divided into small, non-contiguous blocks, leading to inefficient memory utilization.
The process of associating files or devices with a range of memory addresses, allowing processes to access them as if they were part of the main memory.
The mechanism that prevents processes from accessing memory regions that they are not authorized to access, ensuring data integrity and system stability.
The process of moving an entire process or parts of a process between main memory and secondary storage to free up memory space.
Algorithms used by the operating system to select which pages to evict from the main memory when a page fault occurs.
Errors that occur when a process tries to access a memory segment that it is not allowed to access, resulting in a program crash or termination.
A hardware component responsible for translating logical addresses to physical addresses, implementing memory protection, and managing memory operations.
The organization of different types of memory in a computer system, ranging from fast and expensive memory close to the CPU to slower and cheaper memory farther away.
A situation where a program fails to release memory that it no longer needs, leading to gradual memory depletion and potential system instability.
The time it takes for the CPU to retrieve data from or store data into a specific memory location, influenced by the memory hierarchy and access patterns.
The process of dividing the logical address space of a process into fixed-size pages and mapping them to physical memory frames using a page table.
Discrete portions of a process's logical address space that represent different parts of the program, such as code, data, stack, and heap.
Different approaches for assigning memory blocks to processes, including first-fit, best-fit, worst-fit, and buddy system.
Different approaches for freeing memory blocks, including immediate deallocation, deferred deallocation, and garbage collection.
External fragmentation, where free memory is scattered throughout the system, and internal fragmentation, where allocated memory contains unused space.
Methods for associating files or devices with memory addresses, such as memory-mapped files, memory-mapped I/O, and memory-mapped devices.
Techniques used to prevent unauthorized access to memory, including read-only memory, access control lists, and memory protection keys.
Different strategies for selecting which processes to swap out of the main memory, such as least recently used (LRU), first-in first-out (FIFO), and clock algorithm.
Common reasons for segmentation faults, such as accessing an invalid memory address, stack overflow, buffer overflow, and null pointer dereference.
The tasks performed by the memory management unit, including address translation, memory protection, cache management, and virtual memory management.
The different levels of the memory hierarchy, including registers, cache, main memory, solid-state drives (SSDs), and hard disk drives (HDDs).
Techniques for identifying memory leaks in a program, such as manual inspection, static analysis tools, and dynamic memory analysis tools.
The process of estimating the time it takes for the CPU to access a specific memory location based on the memory hierarchy and access patterns.
Key concepts related to memory paging, including page size, page table, page fault, page replacement, and page table entry.
Different types of memory segments in a process, such as code segment, data segment, stack segment, heap segment, and shared memory segment.
Guidelines or rules for allocating memory blocks to processes, such as first-fit, best-fit, worst-fit, and buddy system.
Guidelines or rules for freeing memory blocks, such as immediate deallocation, deferred deallocation, and garbage collection.
Strategies for reducing or eliminating memory fragmentation, such as compaction, buddy system, and memory pooling.
Different approaches for associating files or devices with memory addresses, such as file mapping, device mapping, and memory-mapped I/O.
Methods for enforcing memory protection, such as hardware-based protection mechanisms, access control lists, and memory protection keys.
The benefits of using swapping as a memory management technique, including increased memory capacity, improved multitasking, and efficient memory utilization.
A comparison of different page replacement algorithms based on their performance, complexity, fairness, and ability to handle different access patterns.
Methods for resolving segmentation faults, such as fixing memory access errors, increasing stack size, and preventing buffer overflows.
The process of setting up the memory management unit's parameters and settings, such as page size, page table base address, and memory protection settings.
Techniques for improving the performance and efficiency of the memory hierarchy, such as cache optimization, prefetching, and memory interleaving.
Strategies for preventing memory leaks in a program, such as proper memory deallocation, garbage collection, and memory leak detection tools.
Methods for reducing the time it takes for the CPU to access memory, such as cache optimization, memory interleaving, and prefetching.
Techniques for optimizing memory paging, such as choosing an appropriate page size, minimizing page faults, and improving page replacement algorithms.
Strategies for organizing memory segments within a process, such as placing frequently accessed data in the cache, separating code and data segments, and using shared memory.
Methods for optimizing memory allocation, such as using efficient allocation algorithms, reducing fragmentation, and implementing memory pooling.