Economics Poverty Study Cards

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Poverty

The state of being extremely poor, lacking the resources and means to meet basic needs and maintain a decent standard of living.

Absolute Poverty

A condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, clean water, shelter, and healthcare.

Relative Poverty

A condition where individuals or families have significantly less income or resources compared to others in society, resulting in a lower standard of living.

Poverty Line

A threshold set by governments or organizations to define the minimum level of income or resources required to meet basic needs and be considered above the poverty line.

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

A measure that assesses poverty based on multiple indicators, including health, education, and standard of living, providing a more comprehensive understanding of poverty.

Cycle of Poverty

A phenomenon where poverty becomes a self-perpetuating cycle, passed down from one generation to the next due to limited access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities.

Income Inequality

The unequal distribution of income among individuals or households within a society, often measured by the Gini coefficient.

Causes of Poverty

Factors such as lack of education, unemployment, low wages, discrimination, and limited access to resources that contribute to the existence and persistence of poverty.

Effects of Poverty

Negative impacts on physical and mental health, education, employment opportunities, social mobility, and overall well-being of individuals and communities.

Poverty Alleviation

Efforts and strategies aimed at reducing and eliminating poverty, including social welfare programs, education initiatives, job creation, and economic development.

Social Welfare Programs

Government initiatives and policies designed to provide assistance and support to individuals and families in need, such as cash transfers, food stamps, and healthcare subsidies.

Education and Poverty

The relationship between education and poverty, highlighting the importance of quality education in breaking the cycle of poverty and improving socio-economic outcomes.

Health and Poverty

The impact of poverty on health outcomes, including higher rates of malnutrition, infectious diseases, limited access to healthcare, and shorter life expectancy.

Global Poverty

The prevalence of poverty on a global scale, with a significant proportion of the world's population living in extreme poverty, particularly in developing countries.

Poverty and Sustainable Development

The relationship between poverty and sustainable development, emphasizing the need to address poverty as part of efforts to achieve environmental, social, and economic sustainability.

Poverty Trap

A situation where individuals or communities are unable to escape poverty due to various interconnected factors, such as limited access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities.

Food Insecurity

The lack of consistent access to sufficient and nutritious food, resulting in malnutrition and hunger, often experienced by individuals and families living in poverty.

Urban Poverty

Poverty concentrated in urban areas, characterized by inadequate housing, limited access to basic services, high unemployment rates, and social exclusion.

Rural Poverty

Poverty prevalent in rural areas, often associated with limited agricultural productivity, lack of infrastructure, and limited access to education and healthcare.

Child Poverty

The experience of poverty by children, which can have long-term negative effects on their physical and cognitive development, education, and future opportunities.

Gender and Poverty

The disproportionate impact of poverty on women and girls, resulting from gender inequalities, limited access to education, employment discrimination, and unequal distribution of resources.

Poverty and Crime

The correlation between poverty and higher crime rates, influenced by factors such as limited economic opportunities, social exclusion, and lack of access to basic services.

Poverty and Education

The relationship between poverty and educational outcomes, highlighting the challenges faced by students from low-income backgrounds and the importance of equitable access to quality education.

Poverty and Health

The impact of poverty on health outcomes, including higher rates of chronic diseases, limited access to healthcare services, and increased vulnerability to infectious diseases.

Poverty and Hunger

The connection between poverty and food insecurity, with individuals and families living in poverty facing a higher risk of inadequate access to nutritious food.

Poverty and Unemployment

The relationship between poverty and unemployment, with limited job opportunities and low wages contributing to the prevalence and persistence of poverty.

Poverty and Social Exclusion

The marginalization and exclusion of individuals and communities living in poverty from social, economic, and political opportunities and resources.

Poverty and Inequality

The interplay between poverty and inequality, with poverty often being a consequence and driver of income and wealth disparities within societies.

Poverty and Development

The relationship between poverty and economic development, emphasizing the need for inclusive growth and equitable distribution of resources to reduce poverty levels.

Poverty Reduction

Efforts and policies aimed at reducing the prevalence and severity of poverty, including targeted interventions, social safety nets, and sustainable development strategies.

Poverty Measurement

Methods and indicators used to measure and quantify poverty, including income-based measures, multidimensional indices, and poverty thresholds.

Poverty Eradication

The goal of eliminating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, as outlined in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Poverty and Social Justice

The pursuit of fair and equitable distribution of resources and opportunities, aiming to address the root causes of poverty and promote social inclusion and equality.

Poverty and Human Rights

The recognition of poverty as a violation of human rights, emphasizing the importance of ensuring basic rights and dignity for all individuals, regardless of their socio-economic status.

Poverty and Environmental Sustainability

The intersection between poverty and environmental issues, highlighting the disproportionate impact of environmental degradation and climate change on vulnerable communities living in poverty.

Poverty and Migration

The relationship between poverty and migration, with poverty often being a push factor for individuals and families seeking better economic opportunities and living conditions elsewhere.

Poverty and Social Mobility

The ability of individuals and families to move out of poverty and improve their socio-economic status, influenced by factors such as education, skills, and access to opportunities.

Poverty and Empowerment

The importance of empowering individuals and communities living in poverty, enabling them to participate in decision-making processes, access resources, and improve their own well-being.

Poverty and Philanthropy

The role of philanthropic efforts and charitable organizations in addressing poverty, providing resources and support to vulnerable populations and promoting social change.

Poverty and Government Policies

The impact of government policies and interventions on poverty levels, including social welfare programs, taxation policies, and economic development strategies.

Poverty and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

The commitment of the international community to address poverty as part of the broader agenda for sustainable development, as outlined in the United Nations' SDGs.

Poverty and Globalization

The effects of globalization on poverty levels, with both positive and negative impacts on economic opportunities, income distribution, and access to resources.

Poverty and Social Capital

The role of social networks, relationships, and community support in mitigating the effects of poverty and facilitating access to resources and opportunities.

Poverty and Discrimination

The intersection between poverty and discrimination, with marginalized groups facing higher rates of poverty due to systemic inequalities and limited access to resources.

Poverty and Corruption

The relationship between poverty and corruption, with corruption exacerbating poverty by diverting resources away from essential services and perpetuating inequality.

Poverty and Access to Basic Services

The importance of ensuring access to basic services such as healthcare, education, clean water, and sanitation for individuals and communities living in poverty.

Poverty and Social Entrepreneurship

The role of social entrepreneurship in addressing poverty, with innovative business models and solutions aimed at creating social impact and empowering marginalized communities.

Poverty and Microfinance

The use of microfinance and small loans to provide financial services to individuals and small businesses in poverty, promoting entrepreneurship and economic empowerment.

Poverty and Sustainable Livelihoods

The concept of sustainable livelihoods, emphasizing the importance of diversifying income sources and building resilience to reduce vulnerability to poverty.

Poverty and Social Protection

The role of social protection programs, such as social insurance, pensions, and cash transfers, in providing a safety net for individuals and families living in poverty.

Poverty and Human Development

The focus on human well-being and capabilities as key indicators of development, emphasizing the need to address poverty and inequality to achieve sustainable human development.

Poverty and Economic Growth

The relationship between poverty and economic growth, with inclusive and sustainable economic growth being essential for poverty reduction and improved living standards.

Poverty and Social Impact

The broader social consequences of poverty, including social exclusion, increased crime rates, reduced social cohesion, and limited access to opportunities and resources.

Poverty and Ethical Responsibility

The ethical imperative to address poverty and promote social justice, recognizing the inherent dignity and rights of all individuals, regardless of their socio-economic status.