Volcanoes and Earthquakes MCQ Test: Volcanoes and Earthquakes MCQs - Practice Questions
1. Which type of earthquake wave travels along the Earth's surface and has a side-to-side motion?
2. Which type of volcano is built up from the accumulation of ejected lava fragments, ash, and volcanic rocks?
3. What is the term for the point on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's point of origin?
4. What is the term for a rare phenomenon where volcanic activity occurs beneath a glacier, leading to explosive interactions between ice and magma?
5. Which type of volcano is characterized by its wide base, gentle slopes, and built up by the accumulation of low-viscosity lava?
6. What is the term for the phenomenon where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally?
7. What is the term for the sudden collapse of a volcanic mountain summit, often triggered by an eruption?
8. What is the term for a sudden shaking of the ground caused by movements beneath the Earth's surface?
9. Which seismic wave is responsible for the majority of structural damage during an earthquake?
10. What is the term for the point on the Earth's surface directly above the origin of an earthquake?
11. Which famous volcano, located in Hawaii, is one of the most active on Earth and is known for its frequent eruptions?
12. Which type of fault occurs when the hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall?
13. What is the term for a rare type of volcanic hazard caused by the collapse of a volcanic summit, triggering devastating pyroclastic flows?
14. What is the term for the bending or curving of rock layers due to tectonic forces?
15. What is the primary gas emitted by volcanoes during eruptions?
16. What is the term for a large, fan-shaped deposit of sediment where a river flows into a slow-moving or standing body of water?
17. What is the term for the study of the Earth's structure, composition, and the processes shaping it?
18. Which type of earthquake wave travels through the Earth's interior, often being the first to be recorded by seismographs?
19. Which rare type of volcanic rock is formed from molten carbonatite magma?
20. What is the term for a rare volcanic phenomenon where small gas explosions occur in the vicinity of a volcanic vent?
21. Which of the following is a primary cause of earthquakes?
22. What is the primary cause of volcanic eruptions?
23. Which type of volcano is known for its explosive eruptions and steep slopes?
24. Which type of volcano is known for its steep slopes and explosive eruptions caused by high-viscosity magma?
25. What is the term for the process of one tectonic plate sliding beneath another at a subduction zone?
26. What is the term for a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, often causing great destruction?
27. What is the term for a rare volcanic feature that forms when lava solidifies in a vent, creating a vertical pipe-like structure?
28. Which type of fault is characterized by rocks on one side moving upward relative to the other side?
29. Which rare type of earthquake wave travels along the Earth's surface and is responsible for causing most of the damage to buildings and infrastructure?
30. What is the term for a large depression in the Earth's surface caused by the collapse of a volcanic magma chamber?
31. What is the term for a volcano that is not currently erupting but has the potential to erupt in the future?
32. What is the term for a rare type of earthquake that occurs within a tectonic plate rather than at a plate boundary?
33. Which layer of the Earth's interior is composed of solid rock that can flow over geological time scales?
34. Which tectonic plate is the Pacific Ring of Fire associated with?
35. What is the term for the process where magma intrudes into surrounding rock, solidifies, and forms igneous rock?
36. Which rare type of volcano is characterized by a flat, plateau-like shape and extensive lava flows with low viscosity?
37. What is the term for the opening in the Earth's crust from which lava, ash, and gases erupt?
38. What is the term for a volcano that is not currently erupting but has the potential to do so in the future?
39. What is the term for the area where tectonic plates are colliding, leading to intense geological activity?
40. What is the term for the opening in the Earth's crust through which magma, gases, and ash erupt?
41. What is the term for a large, bowl-shaped depression formed by the collapse of a volcanic magma chamber?
42. What is the term for the molten rock beneath the Earth's surface?
43. Which geological phenomenon occurs when the Earth's crust is stretched, leading to the formation of faults and rift valleys?
44. Which rare type of fault is characterized by horizontal motion along a nearly vertical fault plane?
45. What is the term for the outermost layer of the Earth, including the continents and ocean floor?
46. Which rare type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the release of fine volcanic ash into the stratosphere, potentially impacting global climate?
47. Which volcanic rock type is formed from lava with high viscosity and typically exhibits a blocky texture?
48. Which type of earthquake wave is the fastest and can travel through solids, liquids, and gases?
49. What is the term for a volcanic eruption characterized by the explosive release of ash, rocks, and gas?
50. What is the term for a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that produces seismic waves?