History The Crusades Questions Medium
The major events leading up to the Second Crusade can be summarized as follows:
1. The fall of the County of Edessa: In 1144, the County of Edessa, one of the Crusader states established during the First Crusade, was captured by the Muslim forces led by Zengi. This event shocked the Christian world and led to calls for a new crusade to recapture the lost territory.
2. The preaching of Bernard of Clairvaux: Bernard of Clairvaux, a prominent French abbot and theologian, played a crucial role in promoting the Second Crusade. He delivered powerful sermons across Europe, urging Christians to take up arms and defend the Holy Land.
3. The Council of Pisa: In 1145, Pope Eugene III called for a council in Pisa, Italy, where he delivered a speech calling for a new crusade. The council was attended by various European rulers, including Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany, who pledged their support for the cause.
4. The Siege of Damascus: In 1148, the Crusader forces, led by King Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III of Germany, launched an attack on Damascus, a strategically important city in the region. However, the siege ended in failure, leading to the retreat of the Crusaders and weakening their position in the Holy Land.
5. The end of the Second Crusade: Despite initial enthusiasm and support, the Second Crusade ultimately failed to achieve its objectives. The Crusaders faced numerous challenges, including logistical difficulties, internal conflicts, and strong Muslim resistance. By 1149, most of the Crusader forces had returned to Europe, marking the end of the Second Crusade.
Overall, the major events leading up to the Second Crusade involved the loss of Edessa, the influential preaching of Bernard of Clairvaux, the call for a new crusade by Pope Eugene III, the failed siege of Damascus, and the ultimate failure of the Crusade to achieve its goals.