Differential Equations Study Cards

Enhance Your Learning with Differential Equations Flash Cards for quick revision



Differential Equation

An equation that relates a function with its derivatives, representing a mathematical model for various physical, biological, and social phenomena.

First Order Differential Equation

A differential equation that involves only the first derivative of the unknown function.

Second Order Differential Equation

A differential equation that involves the second derivative of the unknown function.

Higher Order Differential Equation

A differential equation that involves derivatives of order higher than two.

Linear Differential Equation

A differential equation that can be expressed in the form of a linear combination of the unknown function and its derivatives.

Nonlinear Differential Equation

A differential equation that cannot be expressed in the form of a linear combination of the unknown function and its derivatives.

Homogeneous Differential Equation

A differential equation in which all terms can be expressed as a linear combination of the unknown function and its derivatives.

Inhomogeneous Differential Equation

A differential equation in which at least one term cannot be expressed as a linear combination of the unknown function and its derivatives.

Boundary Value Problem

A differential equation with additional conditions specified at the boundaries of the domain.

Initial Value Problem

A differential equation with additional conditions specified at a single point in the domain.

Solving Differential Equations

The process of finding the unknown function that satisfies a given differential equation.

Applications of Differential Equations

The use of differential equations to model and solve real-world problems in various fields such as physics, engineering, biology, and economics.

Numerical Methods for Differential Equations

Techniques for approximating the solutions of differential equations using numerical algorithms.

Partial Differential Equation

A differential equation that involves partial derivatives of the unknown function with respect to multiple independent variables.

Systems of Differential Equations

A set of differential equations that are interconnected and need to be solved simultaneously.

Fourier Series and Differential Equations

The use of Fourier series to solve certain types of differential equations with periodic boundary conditions.

Laplace Transform and Differential Equations

The use of Laplace transform to solve differential equations by transforming them into algebraic equations.

Power Series Solutions of Differential Equations

The use of power series expansions to find solutions of differential equations as infinite series.

Stability and Phase Plane Analysis

The study of the stability and behavior of solutions of differential equations using phase plane analysis.

Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions

The conditions under which a differential equation has a unique solution or multiple solutions.

Euler's Method

A numerical method for approximating the solutions of first-order differential equations using iterative calculations.

Runge-Kutta Methods

A family of numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations by approximating the solution at multiple points within each step.

Separation of Variables

A technique used to solve certain types of first-order ordinary differential equations by separating the variables on different sides of the equation.

Characteristic Equation

An equation obtained by substituting a trial solution into a linear homogeneous differential equation, used to find the roots and form the general solution.

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

The values and corresponding vectors that satisfy a certain equation, used to solve systems of linear differential equations.

Phase Portrait

A graphical representation of the behavior and trajectories of solutions of a system of differential equations in the phase plane.

Equilibrium Point

A point in the phase plane where the system of differential equations has a constant solution.

Steady State

A condition in which the system of differential equations remains unchanged over time.

Periodic Solution

A solution of a differential equation that repeats itself after a certain period of time.

Damped Oscillations

Oscillations that decrease in amplitude over time due to the presence of damping in the system.

Forced Oscillations

Oscillations that are influenced by an external force or input in addition to the natural behavior of the system.

Resonance

A phenomenon in which the amplitude of oscillations becomes significantly larger when the frequency of the external force matches the natural frequency of the system.

Sturm-Liouville Theory

A mathematical theory used to study the properties of second-order linear homogeneous differential equations with boundary conditions.

Green's Function

A function used to solve inhomogeneous linear differential equations with specified boundary conditions.

Heat Equation

A partial differential equation that describes the distribution of heat in a given region over time.

Wave Equation

A partial differential equation that describes the propagation of waves in a given region over time.

Poisson's Equation

A partial differential equation that arises in various physical and mathematical contexts, including electrostatics and fluid dynamics.

Harmonic Functions

Functions that satisfy Laplace's equation, often used to model physical phenomena such as temperature distribution and fluid flow.

Orthogonal Functions

A set of functions that are mutually perpendicular or independent with respect to a given inner product.

Bessel Functions

A family of solutions to Bessel's differential equation, often used to solve problems involving cylindrical symmetry.

Legendre Polynomials

A family of orthogonal polynomials that arise in the solution of Laplace's equation in spherical coordinates.

Chebyshev Polynomials

A family of orthogonal polynomials that arise in the approximation of functions and the solution of differential equations.

Hermite Polynomials

A family of orthogonal polynomials that arise in the solution of quantum harmonic oscillator and heat conduction problems.

Laguerre Polynomials

A family of orthogonal polynomials that arise in the solution of the hydrogen atom and other quantum mechanical problems.

Hypergeometric Equation

A second-order linear differential equation that has solutions in terms of hypergeometric functions.

Airy Equation

A second-order linear differential equation that has solutions in terms of Airy functions, often used to describe oscillatory phenomena.

Bessel Equation

A second-order linear differential equation that has solutions in terms of Bessel functions, often used to describe wave propagation and diffraction.

Legendre Equation

A second-order linear differential equation that has solutions in terms of Legendre polynomials, often used to describe physical phenomena with spherical symmetry.

Riccati Equation

A first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation that can be transformed into a linear second-order equation through a suitable change of variables.

Bernoulli Equation

A first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation that can be transformed into a linear equation through a suitable change of variables.

Exact Differential Equation

A differential equation that can be expressed as the total differential of a function, allowing for an exact solution.

Reduction of Order

A technique used to reduce the order of a linear homogeneous differential equation by finding a second linearly independent solution.

Variation of Parameters

A method used to find a particular solution of a nonhomogeneous linear differential equation by assuming a solution of the form y = u1(x)y1(x) + u2(x)y2(x).

Wronskian

A determinant used to determine the linear independence of a set of solutions of a linear homogeneous differential equation.

Euler Equation

A second-order linear homogeneous differential equation with variable coefficients, often used to solve problems in physics and engineering.

Cauchy-Euler Equation

A second-order linear homogeneous differential equation with variable coefficients, often used to solve problems in physics and engineering.

Frobenius Method

A method used to find power series solutions of second-order linear differential equations with variable coefficients, including equations with regular singular points.

Bessel's Equation

A second-order linear differential equation that arises in problems involving cylindrical symmetry, often used to describe wave propagation and diffraction.

Legendre's Equation

A second-order linear differential equation that arises in problems with spherical symmetry, often used to describe physical phenomena.

Hypergeometric Function

A special function that arises in the solution of linear differential equations, often used to represent solutions in terms of power series.

Airy Function

A special function that arises in the solution of linear differential equations, often used to describe oscillatory phenomena.

Gamma Function

A special function that extends the concept of factorial to real and complex numbers, often used in the solution of differential equations.

Bessel Function

A family of special functions that arise in the solution of linear differential equations, often used to describe wave propagation and diffraction.

Legendre Polynomial

A family of orthogonal polynomials that arise in the solution of linear differential equations, often used to describe physical phenomena with spherical symmetry.

Chebyshev Polynomial

A family of orthogonal polynomials that arise in the solution of linear differential equations, often used in approximation theory and numerical analysis.

Hermite Polynomial

A family of orthogonal polynomials that arise in the solution of linear differential equations, often used to describe quantum harmonic oscillators and heat conduction.

Laguerre Polynomial

A family of orthogonal polynomials that arise in the solution of linear differential equations, often used to describe the hydrogen atom and other quantum mechanical systems.

Hypergeometric Series

An infinite series that arises in the solution of linear differential equations, often used to represent solutions in terms of power series.

Power Series Solution

A solution of a differential equation that can be expressed as an infinite series, often used to find approximate solutions.

Series Solution

A solution of a differential equation that can be expressed as a series, often used to find approximate solutions.