Philosophy Normative Ethics Study Cards

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Ethical Theories

Different frameworks and systems that provide principles and guidelines for determining what is morally right or wrong.

Principles of Normative Ethics

Fundamental principles that guide ethical decision-making, such as consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics.

Moral Reasoning

The process of determining what is morally right or wrong through logical and rational thinking.

Ethical Dilemmas

Complex situations where individuals are faced with conflicting moral obligations and must make difficult choices.

Virtue Ethics

An ethical theory that emphasizes the development of virtuous character traits and moral excellence.

Deontological Ethics

An ethical theory that focuses on the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions, regardless of their consequences.

Consequentialist Ethics

An ethical theory that evaluates the morality of actions based on their outcomes or consequences.

Utilitarianism

A consequentialist ethical theory that promotes actions that maximize overall happiness or utility for the greatest number of people.

Kantian Ethics

A deontological ethical theory developed by Immanuel Kant, which emphasizes the importance of moral duties and principles.

Ethics of Care

An ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships, empathy, and compassion in moral decision-making.

Social Contract Theory

A political and ethical theory that suggests individuals enter into a social contract to establish moral and political rules for society.

Feminist Ethics

An ethical theory that focuses on the experiences and perspectives of women, challenging traditional ethical theories and promoting gender equality.

Environmental Ethics

An ethical theory that explores the moral obligations and responsibilities humans have towards the environment and non-human beings.

Applied Ethics

The application of ethical theories and principles to specific real-world issues and situations, such as medical ethics, business ethics, and environmental ethics.

Metaethics

The branch of ethics that examines the nature of ethical statements, moral values, and the foundations of ethical theories.

Ethical Relativism

The belief that moral principles and values are subjective and vary across different individuals, cultures, and societies.

Ethical Objectivism

The belief that moral principles and values are objective and universal, independent of individual opinions or cultural norms.

Ethical Egoism

An ethical theory that promotes self-interest as the ultimate moral principle, advocating actions that maximize personal benefit.

Ethics and Technology

The study of ethical issues and dilemmas arising from the development and use of technology, such as privacy, artificial intelligence, and genetic engineering.

Ethics and Artificial Intelligence

The ethical considerations and challenges associated with the development and use of artificial intelligence systems, including issues of bias, accountability, and transparency.

Ethics and Business

The study of ethical principles and values in the context of business and corporate decision-making, addressing issues such as corporate social responsibility, fair trade, and ethical marketing.

Ethics and Medicine

The ethical considerations and principles guiding medical practice and healthcare decision-making, including issues of patient autonomy, informed consent, and end-of-life care.

Ethics and Animal Rights

The ethical debate surrounding the treatment and rights of animals, including issues of animal testing, factory farming, and animal cruelty.

Ethics and the Environment

The ethical considerations and principles guiding human interactions with the natural environment, addressing issues such as climate change, deforestation, and pollution.

Ethics and Social Justice

The study of ethical principles and values in relation to social justice issues, including poverty, inequality, discrimination, and human rights.