Economic Development And Sustainability Study Cards

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Economic Development

The process by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A set of 17 global goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to address poverty, inequality, climate change, and other pressing challenges, with the aim of achieving a more sustainable future for all.

Economic Growth

An increase in the production and consumption of goods and services in an economy over a specific period of time.

Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Poverty

The state of being extremely poor, often characterized by a lack of access to basic necessities such as food, shelter, and healthcare.

Inequality

The unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and wealth among individuals or groups within a society.

Environmental Sustainability

The practice of using resources in a way that preserves the natural environment and ensures the well-being of future generations.

Renewable Energy

Energy derived from sources that are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and water.

Climate Change

Long-term shifts in temperature and weather patterns, often resulting from human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.

Natural Resource Management

The responsible and sustainable use of natural resources, such as forests, water, and minerals, to meet the needs of present and future generations.

Urbanization

The process of population concentration in urban areas, often accompanied by the growth of cities and the expansion of infrastructure.

Sustainable Cities

Cities that are designed and developed in a way that promotes social, economic, and environmental sustainability.

Gender Equality

The principle of equal rights, opportunities, and treatment for all genders, without discrimination or bias.

Women's Empowerment

The process of enabling women to have control over their own lives, make their own decisions, and participate fully in social, economic, and political activities.

Education

The process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes through formal or informal means.

Human Capital

The knowledge, skills, and abilities that individuals possess and can contribute to economic productivity and development.

Health

The state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Infrastructure

The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, such as transportation, communication, and power systems.

Trade

The exchange of goods and services between individuals, organizations, or nations.

Globalization

The process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas.

Foreign Aid

Financial, technical, or humanitarian assistance provided by one country to another, typically with the aim of promoting economic development and alleviating poverty.

Corruption

The abuse of entrusted power for private gain, often involving bribery, embezzlement, or nepotism.

Governance

The way in which a society or organization is managed and directed, encompassing processes, structures, and institutions that determine how power is exercised and decisions are made.

Public-Private Partnership (PPP)

A cooperative arrangement between the public and private sectors, typically involving the sharing of resources, risks, and rewards to deliver public services or infrastructure projects.

Social Entrepreneurship

The use of entrepreneurial principles and practices to address social and environmental challenges, often with a focus on creating sustainable solutions.

Innovation

The process of creating and implementing new ideas, products, or services that result in significant improvements in efficiency, effectiveness, or value.

Technology

The application of scientific knowledge and tools to solve practical problems or improve existing processes, products, or services.

Rural Development

The process of improving the economic, social, and environmental conditions of rural areas, often through the diversification of agricultural activities and the provision of basic infrastructure and services.

Food Security

The state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food to meet dietary needs and preferences.

Agriculture

The cultivation of plants and the rearing of animals for food, fiber, medicinal plants, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.

Water

A vital resource for human survival and development, essential for drinking, sanitation, agriculture, industry, and ecosystem functioning.

Sanitation

The provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human waste and the promotion of good hygiene practices.

Tourism

The travel for recreational, leisure, or business purposes, often involving the visitation of cultural and natural attractions in different destinations.

Industrialization

The process of transforming an economy from primarily agrarian to one based on manufacturing and industrial production.

Manufacturing

The production of goods through the use of labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing.

Labor

The physical and mental effort exerted by individuals in the production of goods and services.

Employment

The state of having paid work or engaging in productive activities that contribute to the economy.

Financial Inclusion

The availability and accessibility of financial services, such as banking, credit, insurance, and savings, to all individuals and businesses, particularly those who are underserved or excluded from the formal financial system.

Microfinance

The provision of financial services, such as small loans, savings accounts, and insurance, to low-income individuals and microenterprises, often with the aim of poverty alleviation and economic empowerment.

Economic Policy

Government actions and interventions that influence the behavior of individuals, businesses, and markets to achieve specific economic objectives, such as price stability, full employment, and sustainable economic growth.

Economic Indicators

Statistics and data that provide insights into the overall health and performance of an economy, such as GDP, inflation rate, unemployment rate, and trade balance.

Economic Modeling

The construction and analysis of mathematical or statistical models to simulate and predict economic behavior and outcomes.

Economic Impact Assessment

The evaluation of the economic effects, both positive and negative, of a proposed project, policy, or event on a specific region, industry, or community.

Economic Development Strategies

Comprehensive plans and approaches adopted by governments, organizations, and communities to promote economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve living standards.

Regional Development

The process of improving the economic, social, and environmental conditions of a specific geographic region, often through targeted policies and investments.

International Trade

The exchange of goods and services across national borders, often driven by comparative advantage and the pursuit of economic efficiency.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

The investment of capital, technology, and resources by a company or individual from one country into another country, often with the aim of establishing or expanding business operations.

Economic Integration

The process of reducing trade barriers and increasing economic cooperation and coordination among countries, often through the formation of regional economic blocs or free trade agreements.

Economic Cooperation

Collaborative efforts among countries, organizations, and stakeholders to promote economic development, trade, investment, and other mutually beneficial activities.

Economic Diplomacy

The use of economic tools, negotiations, and agreements to advance a country's economic interests and foreign policy objectives.

Economic Governance

The framework of rules, policies, and institutions that shape and guide economic decision-making and behavior at the national and international levels.

Economic Institutions

Organizations, laws, and norms that regulate economic activities and interactions, such as central banks, stock exchanges, and competition authorities.

Economic Reforms

Policy changes and measures aimed at improving the efficiency, competitiveness, and resilience of an economy, often involving liberalization, deregulation, and privatization.

Economic Incentives

Rewards or penalties, often in the form of financial incentives, that motivate individuals, businesses, and organizations to behave in certain ways or make specific economic decisions.

Economic Regulations

Rules, laws, and policies imposed by governments to govern economic activities and ensure fair competition, consumer protection, and market stability.

Economic Resilience

The ability of an economy to withstand and recover from shocks, disruptions, and crises, often through diversification, flexibility, and adaptive capacity.

Economic Sustainability

The long-term viability and resilience of an economy, balancing economic growth, social development, and environmental protection to meet the needs of present and future generations.