Enhance Your Learning with Experimental Research Flash Cards for quick revision
A research method used to establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables by manipulating independent variables and measuring their effects on dependent variables.
The variable that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment and is expected to be influenced by the independent variable.
A group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment or intervention, used as a baseline for comparison with the experimental group.
A group in an experiment that receives the experimental treatment or intervention being studied, allowing for a comparison with the control group.
The process of randomly assigning participants to different groups or conditions in an experiment to minimize bias and increase the validity of the results.
A hypothesis that states there is no significant relationship or difference between variables in a study, which is tested against the alternative hypothesis.
A hypothesis that states there is a significant relationship or difference between variables in a study, which is tested against the null hypothesis.
The process of selecting a subset of individuals or units from a larger population to participate in a study, aiming to make inferences about the population.
A sampling technique where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the study, increasing the representativeness of the sample.
A sampling technique where the population is divided into subgroups or strata based on certain characteristics, and individuals are randomly selected from each stratum.
A non-probability sampling technique where individuals are selected based on their availability and willingness to participate, often leading to biased results.
The process of gathering information or data from participants or sources for analysis and interpretation in an experiment or study.
A research instrument used to collect data through a series of questions, allowing for standardized responses and easy analysis.
A data collection method where a researcher asks questions directly to participants, allowing for in-depth responses and clarification.
A data collection method where a researcher systematically watches and records behaviors or events in a natural or controlled setting.
The process of minimizing extraneous variables and ensuring that only the independent variable influences the dependent variable in an experiment.
The process of randomly assigning participants to different groups or conditions in an experiment to ensure equal distribution of characteristics and increase internal validity.
The process of analyzing and interpreting data using statistical techniques to determine the significance of relationships or differences between variables.
Statistical measures used to summarize and describe the main features of data, such as measures of central tendency and variability.
Statistical techniques used to make inferences or generalizations about a population based on sample data, estimating parameters and testing hypotheses.
Principles and standards that ensure the protection of participants' rights and well-being in research, including informed consent and confidentiality.
The process of obtaining voluntary agreement from participants to participate in a study after being informed about the purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits.
The protection of participants' personal information and data, ensuring that it is not disclosed or identifiable to unauthorized individuals.
The process of providing participants with information about the study after their participation, addressing any concerns and ensuring their well-being.
The extent to which a study measures what it intends to measure and accurately represents the concept or phenomenon under investigation.
The extent to which a study accurately establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between variables, minimizing confounding factors and alternative explanations.
The extent to which the findings of a study can be generalized or applied to other populations, settings, or conditions beyond the study sample.
The consistency and stability of measurements or results in a study, indicating the degree to which the findings can be replicated or trusted.
The moral principles and standards that guide the conduct of research, ensuring integrity, honesty, and respect for the rights and welfare of participants.
Systematic errors or distortions in the design, conduct, or analysis of a study that can lead to inaccurate or misleading results and conclusions.
The degree to which a study accurately measures or predicts the concept or phenomenon it intends to study, ensuring the credibility and trustworthiness of the findings.
The consistency and stability of measurements or results in a study, indicating the degree to which the findings can be replicated or trusted.
The overall plan or structure of an experiment, including the manipulation of variables, random assignment, and control of extraneous factors.
A research design that lacks random assignment to groups or conditions, often due to practical or ethical constraints, but still allows for causal inferences.
A research design that examines the relationship between variables without manipulating them, aiming to determine the strength and direction of the association.
A research design that follows the same individuals or groups over an extended period of time, allowing for the study of changes and development over time.
A research design that collects data from different individuals or groups at a single point in time, providing a snapshot of a population or phenomenon.
A research design that combines qualitative and quantitative methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of a research problem or question.
The various fields and disciplines where experimental research is applied, such as psychology, medicine, education, and social sciences.
The constraints and challenges associated with conducting experimental research, including ethical considerations, practical constraints, and external validity.
A specific, testable prediction or statement about the expected relationship or difference between variables in a study, based on existing theories or prior research.
The overall plan or strategy for conducting a study, including the selection of research methods, data collection, and data analysis procedures.
The systematic approach or framework used to conduct research, including the selection of research methods, data collection, and data analysis procedures.
The characteristics, properties, or factors that can vary or change in a study, influencing the outcomes or results of the research.
A group of experts or professionals who review and approve research studies to ensure compliance with ethical guidelines and protect the rights and welfare of participants.
A document that outlines the objectives, methods, and expected outcomes of a research study, submitted for approval before conducting the actual research.
The results, conclusions, or discoveries obtained from a research study, often presented in the form of tables, graphs, or written reports.
The process of sharing research findings with the scientific community through academic journals, conferences, or other forms of scholarly communication.
The process of repeating a research study with different participants, settings, or conditions to determine the reliability and generalizability of the findings.
Factors or influences that can compromise the internal or external validity of a research study, leading to biased or inaccurate results.
The subset of individuals or units selected from a larger population to participate in a research study, representing the target population.
The entire group of individuals or units that the researcher wants to study and make inferences about in a research study.
A tool or device used to collect data in a research study, such as a questionnaire, interview guide, or observation checklist.
The process of organizing, interpreting, and making sense of data collected in a research study, using statistical or qualitative techniques.
The process of explaining or making meaning of the findings obtained from a research study, often in relation to existing theories or prior research.
The final summary or judgment about the findings and implications of a research study, often highlighting the main contributions and limitations.